ubuntu使用
2019-02-25

零散笔记

摄像头(webcam)

sudo apt install v4l-util cheese
sudo cheese

修改摄像头权限

ls -ltrh /dev/video*
sudo chmod 777 /dev/video0
cheese

在文件夹中执行脚本

在文件$\to$首选项$\to$行为$\to$可执行文本文件

快捷键

不要出现fn+super的组合

截屏

复制截图到剪切板:ctrl+print
复制窗口截图到剪切板:ctrl+alt+print
复制选区截图到剪切板:shift+ctrl+print
保存截图到图片:print
保存窗口截图到图片:alt+print
保存选区截图到图片:shift+print
录屏:shift+ctrl+alt+r

禁用快捷键

backspace

WLAN

wifi连接

参考:askubuntu

查看网卡名:iwconfig
扫描:nmcli dev wifi
连接:nmcli dev wifi connect WLAN_NAME password PASSWORD
忘记:nmcli c delete WLAN_NAME
关闭热点:nmcli dev disconnect wlp2s0
关闭wlan:nmcli radio wifi off
开启wlan:nmcli radio wifi on

热点

nm-connection-editor

+->Wifi->Mode:Hotspot
开启热点
- 设置->(右上角)Connect to Hidden Network
- 设置$\to$wifi$\to$打开wifi热点

共享wifi

create_ap:github

误删`PATH`救急

export PATH=/home/lynx/.local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin:/home/lynx/.local/bin/:/home/lynx/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/scripts:$PATH

安装字体

sudo mkdir /usr/share/fonts/{name}
sudo cp {font}.ttf /usr/share/fonts/{name}
cd /usr/share/fonts/{name}
sudo mkfontscale
sudo mkfontdir
sudo fc-cache -fv

文件编码

软件

基本

sublime
chromium:注意数据备份.config/chromium
- tamper monkey
- Adblock Plus
- SwitchyOmega
- crxMouse Top Gestures
- hoxx
dukto:3系统互传软件
hyper:配置文件~/.hyper.js
vscode
gnome-tweak:如果还在用gnome
- dash to panel
- topicons plus
- user themes
搜狗输入法:CSDN
- 官网下载deb
- sudo apt install -f && sudo dpkg -i sougou.deb
- 设置->区域和语言->键盘输入法系统(点击任务栏的输入法图标->Configure)

日语输入法

sudo apt install fcitx-mozc
# sudo apt install fcitx-anthy
# im-config -n fcitx

重启(fcitx configuration)

片假名切换:f7

gparted:磁盘分区
exfat-utils:支持exfat格式的u盘

`deepin wine`软件

QQ
TIM
QQ轻聊版
微信
Foxmail
百度网盘
360压缩
WinRAR
迅雷极速版

详细,github,gitee

安装包网址

软件的文件存放位置

/home/lynx/.deepinwine/Deepin-QQ/dosdevices/c:/users/lynx/My Documents/Tencent Files/$account/FileRecv

`deepin wine`字体异常处理

修改注册表(TODO)

新建(任何位置,文件名随意)zh.reg
1.1. 字体链接

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\FontLink\SystemLin]
"字体名"="字体文件"

1.2. 字体(强制)替换

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\FontSubstitutes]
"字体名"="字体文件"

1.3 字体(缺失)替换

[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\\Wine\\Fonts\\Replacements]
"字体名"="字体文件"

修改注册表(貌似没用)

deepin-wine regedit zh.reg

补充字体文件

字体文件存放位置:./deepin-wine/软件名/driver_c/windows/fonts/

wps软件

缺少字体的处理方法

下载并解压字体文件夹wps-font-symbols

git clone https://github.com/pengphei/wps-font-symbols
sudo cp -r wps-font-symbols /usr/share/fonts
# cd /usr/share/fonts
# sudo chmod 755 wps-font-symbols
cd /usr/share/fonts/wps-font-symbols
# sudo chmod 644 *
sudo mkfontdir
sudo mkfontscale
fc-cache

或直接从windows复制对应字体

默认软件管理

exo-utils
- 使用
  exo-preferred-applications

文件管理器

由于ubuntu自带的文件管理器(nautilus)太睿智,推荐以下文件管理器

pcmanfm
nemo
thunar
dolphin

修改默认文件管理器

TODO:/etc/gnome/defaults.list(直接修改好像没用)

# what's the current default file manager?
xdg-mime query default inode/directory

# set nautilus as a default file manager
xdg-mime default nautilus.desktop inode/directory # application/x-gnome-saved-search

软件对应/usr/share/applications下的desktop名

matlab

离线激活

输入许可证路径license_standalone.lic
修改matlab/bin目录的读写权限以及用户组
将破解文件的lmgrimpl文件覆盖原matlab文件(在bin目录下)

许可证失效(无法打开matlab)

删除matlab/licenses下的文件

mathematica

报错

CRITICAL FAILURE: PrintIntroduction() Error
$ProductTitle not defined.

路径不能有空格

一个解决包依赖问题的软件

sudo apt install aptitude

(示例)卸载libreoffice

sudo aptitude purge libreoffice6.0

字体编辑

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:fontforge/fontforge
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install fontforge

修改字体名称

打开字体文件
基础->字体信息
文件->生成字体->(可选)选择TrueType(ttf)

图像编辑

sudo apt install gimp

sudo apt install krita
sudo apt install krita-l10n

图像转换

sudo apt install sam2p
sam2p shit.png shit.gif

gif录屏

byzanz

sudo apt install byzanz 
byzanz-record --duration=50 --delay=3 --x=1030 --y=100 --height=500 demo1.gif

网速限制

wondershaper

sudo apt install wondershaper
# 限制eth0下载速度100k, 上传速度20k
sudo wondershaper eth0 100 20
# 清除eth0网速限制
sudo wondershaper clear eth0

视频播放

快捷键:https://github.com/mpv-player/mpv/blob/master/etc/input.conf

桌面便签(Indicator Stickynotes)

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:umang/indicator-stickynotes
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install indicator-stickynotes

pdf编辑

pdftk

命令参考: CSDN

提取页面

# 提取1至15页
pdftk input.pdf cat 1-15 output output.pdf
# 去除第13页
pdftk input.pdf cat 1-12 14-end output output.pdf

合并pdf

pdftk 1.pdf 2.pdf cat output output.pdf

下载器(TODO)

wget:单线程
curl:单线程
axel:多线程
aria2:可以设置线程
mwget:多线程版wget
Prozilla:多线程,cmd,gui
Downloader for X:多线程,gui
MyGet:多线程
Linuxdown:多线程,cmd
Transmission:磁力,gui(不会用)
Uget:cURL+aria2

网络监测

nethogs

数据恢复

testdisk: 参考: 知乎

目录分析

ncdu

基本没用

屏幕管理

arandr

sudo apt install arandr

镜像源

/etc/apt/sources.list

ubuntu 19.04

deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ disco main restricted
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ disco-updates main restricted
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ disco universe
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ disco-updates universe
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ disco multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ disco-updates multiverse
deb http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ disco-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu disco-security multiverse

中科大

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

清华

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

网易

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

阿里

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

apt

系统监视器安装

sudo apt install gnome-system-monitor